A Theoretical Approach to Culture and the Study of Its Theory Essay

The concept of culture is a broad and elaborate subject that identifies with the common practices of different groups of people. Our textbook defines culture as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, embodied in thoughts, speech, action and artifacts. I personally view culture as a concept that helps us develop and identify within our own society, and societies of others. We see and experience culture everyday lives. It can be identified though groups in their beliefs, dress, language, traditions, music, food religion and â€Å"upbringing†. I personally come from a West Indian background, as my parents are from the Caribbean. Although I was born in America, foods I prepare are from Caribbean recipes. In my home calypso music is often played and if mother gets angry she begins to use words and put together words that would only make sense in our culture. Culture functions in such a way that is sociological, psychological and biological. For example sociologically, culture gives groups a sense of belonging. Psychologically groups of people create what they consider to be â€Å"normal behavioral patterns† that may be abnormal to one of a different cultural base. Culture functions biologically in the sense of reproducing their societies from generation to generation and the need for food and shelter to survive. We can tell someone of Asian decent not only by their physical traits, but also by their cultural practices. I believe our culture is embedded in us from the very beginning of our lives. From when we are babies our environment, family consciously and unconsciously molds us into learning a particular type of culture. Now more than ever because of technology and global diversity and integrations we see multiculturalism. This is where there is an acceptance of various cultures and the practice of more than one culture in people. There are significant differences in various cultural backgrounds, whether it’s Western or Eastern, but this is what makes culture ever evolving, continuously growing and intertwining. In the early stages some have tried to bring the connection between evolution and ethics. We have learned from theorists Charles Darwin who to life the theory of Human Evolution and natural selection, Sir Edwards B. Tylor who is noted for the concept of animism and Herbert Spencer whom is often linked to the phrase â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†. Charles Darwin was a pronounced and insightful theorist from the 18-19th century. What makes Charles Darwin best known is his theory of human evolution of man and natural selection. With Darwin’s human evolution, he came up with the concept that all like organisms came from simple form, which is â€Å"the origin of man†. In explaining Darwin’s theory of natural selection he believed more organisms are produced than can survive or reproduce. This creates an environment where they compete for resources and to reproduce successfully. His theory discloses some have successful genes/ traits and some do not. He believed the more powerful or successful traits/genes that are in organisms and ten passed on to offspring. The stronger traits are continuously passed on and as passed on lead to further success. Darwin believes these traits are â€Å"naturally selected†. In this way nature somehow selects traits that are more fitted for the various conditions in the environment in which they are in, these traits become and those traits tend to last over time. The steady accrual of the changing traits over an extended period of time in conjunction with a changing environment brings forth evolution. Hence linking to the phrase survival of the fittest. Over time as Darwin’s studies developed, he began to zoom in the links between animals and humans instincts. He was also convinced that organisms are all descended from common ancestors. To elaborate, he believed two organisms could be traced back through evolution at some point their linear will meet, and example would be human and chimpanzees. The success of Darwin’s theories lead to Darwinism which is the theory that all living things descended from an original common ancestor through natural selection and random variation without aid of intelligence or nonmaterial forces. Many theorists during Darwin’s concept and after used this as the foundation of their theories that they built on. Social Darwinism is where Darwin’s ideas were applied to society. Another cultural revolutionist or social Darwinists as they were referred to was Herbert Spencer. Hebert Spencer is well known for being an evolutionary theorists during the 1900s that took Darwin’ concepts of evolution to the next level. The phrase in which he is population for is â€Å"survival of the fittest† which as derived from Darwin’s concept of natural selection, but he indeed is the originator of this phrase. Spencer embraced Darwinism His theories also embodied Lamarckian and also saw selection as a means of maintaining human quality. When we hear survival of the fitness we think of possibly a battle in means of survival, but Spencer was more making reference to stronger species out living and out living the weaker ones and being able to increase and develop because of being stronger. He believed evolution evolving from simplest form to a more comprehensive form as in human beings, and that nature’s laws plays a role in the changes. Spencer also penned â€Å"Principles of Psychology† and stated that human minds were somehow linked to natural laws. What stood out to me about Spencer was his opposition in government assisting underclass. He was also against them from interjecting in economic and social affairs. He was against this because his view was it helped preserve the unfit or inferior people and assisted them in obtaining resources such as healthcare. He believed helping them would prove to be unbeneficial because it would only lead to them producing and/or reproducing more unfit people, possibly creating the â€Å"survival of the un-fittest†. He was adamant in thinking these people were lazy and did not want to work and assisting them would only enable them. In which the strong should prosper and the weak should be pushed aside Spencer also believed in individual competition and wanted to minimize government’s role in society to make survival only of stronger willed people. Lamarckism’s is the belief that organism pass on certain characteristics to offspring. Connected to his Lamarckian beliefs Herbert Spencer believed in a biological based hierarchy of races. He also believed as they grew they zoomed in on the â€Å"evolutionary history† of their race. To take this belief even further he believed characteristics even negative ones such as lying and stealing, from their race were passed down to children. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor fathered the currently accepted concept of animalism; he was influenced by Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. Development of culture and society from simple to complex forms. Europeans had sought to explain the existence of various â€Å"primitive† societies, some believing that such societies represented the lost tribes of Israel, others speculating that primitive peoples had degenerated since the time of Adam from an originally â€Å"barbarous† to an even lowlier â€Å"savage† state. European society was taken to epitomize the highest state of existence, â€Å"civilization. In the late 19th century, Edward Burnett Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan elaborated the theory of unilinear evolution, specifying criteria for categorizing cultures according to their standing within a fixed system of growth of humanity as a whole and examining the modes and mechanisms of this growth. A widespread reaction followed; Franz Boas introduced the â€Å"culture history† approach, which concentrated on fieldwork among native peoples to identify actual cultural and historical processes rather than speculative stages of growth. Leslie White, Julian Steward, and others sought to revive aspects of sociocultural evolutionism, positing a progression ranging from bands and tribes at one end to chiefdoms and states at the other. More recently some anthropologists have adopted a general systems approach, examining cultures as emergent systems. Others continue to reject evolutionary thinking and look instead at historical contingencies, contacts with other cultures, and the operation of cultural symbol systems.

View of Love and Sex in “Wuthering Heights”

â€Å"Wuthering Heights† accurately reflects many of the attitudes associated with love and sex in the Victorian Era. With reference to appropriately selected parts of the novel and relevant external, contextual information on Victorian attitudes to love and sex, give your response to the above view. The Victorian era when â€Å"Wuthering Heights† was written and first published was a time when love and romance and true emotion were the antithesis of reasons to marry. Sexual love was frowned upon greatly and no woman should ever have had sex outside of marriage. Sex was something that was solely for procreating and nothing else. Although, it was considered that a man could not control his animal instincts and so if he had sex outside of marriage of ever cheated on his wife, it would not damage his social desirability or impair his reputation on society. Marriage in Victorian times was for a place in high society and financial stability and children. This is shown in Wuthering Heights when Cathy marries Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff because she knows it would degrade her to marry Heathcliff. This is also very common in Victorian times; people were not to marry below their own class. They would marry above or in the same class as themselves. Victorian literature always focused on idealised representation of people who use work hard, perseverance and love to win out in the end. Good deeds will always be rewarded and wrongdoers will be punished. All novels were very moralistic and usually had a good social message or comment on society, for example, Oliver Twist. Victorian novels tended to be melodramatic, including features such as pathetic fallacy, exaggerated emotions, extreme passion and unrealistic characters. Victorian novels are also very long, with lots of characters, plots and intertwining sub plots. Wuthering Heights is very different from this in that it is set in a very isolated scene with a small number of characters. The relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff completely defies everything that was typical about a Victorian real-life relationship and the relationships in novels. They share such extreme passion and love for each other that shocked everyone who read in and the contemporary critics such as H. F. Chorley, who said the novel â€Å"was disagreeable and seem to affect painful and exceptional subjects. † The Atlas also said that each chapter â€Å"seems to affect painful and exceptional subjects†. People didn’t understand how a woman could understand and write so convincingly about something that she couldn’t possibly have experienced. Victorians were not allowed to spend any time alone with their partners until their engagement was official and even then they were only allowed to hold hands and were not to be alone together after midnight. Cathy and Heathcliff had grown up together and slept together as children and spent a lot of time alone in the moors and this was not accepted easily. Wild passion is a major theme in Wuthering Heights. The relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff is haunting and powerful and from the very start we can see the intensity of their feeling towards each other. There are various parts of this novel which make us certain that nothing could ever come between Cathy and Heathcliff. Cathy confesses her love for Heathcliff so passionately and sincerely, â€Å"I love him, not because he’s handsome, Nelly, but because whatever souls are made of his and mine are the same. † The reference to the souls shows that it is not physically love that they share but, even after death, their souls will still be as one and together. Nelly, I am Heathcliff,† they are the same person and even when Cathy dies she knows she will still be alive through Heathcliff. It is not physical, sexual desire that causes them to need each other, even though Cathy’s death destroys Heathcliff, but kind of a spiritual force which connects them together. This is also showed when Heathcliff says  "Oh, God! It is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! † There are also other love relationships to explore throughout Wuthering Heights, one of them being the relationship of Edgar Linton and Cathy. The relationship between the two is the exact opposite of that of Cathy and Heathcliff. Their marriage is of convenience to Cathy although Linton does adore Cathy very much. Cathy has typical reason to marry Edgar such as, â€Å"he’s handsome and pleasant to be with †¦ he is young and cheerful †¦ he will be rich, and I shall be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood. † At the time of the novel these were all perfectly acceptable reasons for wanting to marry someone and these were not things the Heathcliff could provide Cathy with. Cathy explains her conflicting emotions between Edgar and Heathcliff as, â€Å"moonbeam from lightning, or frost form fire. † Cathy and Edgar marriage is very Victorian, very typical and very acceptable, love was not a necessity. Although we can tell Edgar loves Cathy and that it means something in its own way, it is still only a mere affair next to the wild, uncontrolled passion of Cathy and Heathcliff. All of this leads me to say, no, Wuthering Heights does not reflect the attitudes of love and sex in Victorian times. Cathy and Edgars relationship defiantly does but it is not the main relationship in the novel and even so, Cathy, as a married woman still loves Heathcliff and spends time alone with him and this is not typical of a Victorian relationship as women practically belonged to their husbands and this is not the case here. This novel is completely different from other novels of its time as it doesn’t have a moral, the good are not rewarded and the bad are not punished and there was no social message, it has no defined place in literature.

Australian Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian Foreign Policy - Essay Example It is argued, however that the media is too influential on public opinion; and it is the proprietors of the industry making all of the decisions.world. What role does Public opinion and media play in the making foreign policy in Australia is the central research question of this paper. It is in relation to this debate that it becomes crucial to analyse the critical political economy of the news media. The critical political economy is the power and influence exerted by media owners, government and culture for the forming of country's foreign policies.The content and information presented in this paper is based on research and survey conducted by leading agencies to study the media and public opinion influence of foreign policy decision making in Australia. The media is an extremely influential factor in society. Is the media a political institution, in that it decides who gets what, when and how through formal organizations and procedures Or is it a business The radical theory suggests that 'the media generates content that garners the greatest profit'1 (Ranganathan, 2002) The liberal theory of the media suggests that it is not just what interests the public, but what is in the best interest of the public. News is the reporting of facts, or news otherwise not known. ... 'The Australian Broadcasting Commission felt that in those days to use pictures, was to descend to the levels of the popular press.'(Mason & Lean, 1992:42) Today, on the other hand, findings from various surveys conclude that television is the most popular news source and the one in which the majority of the public lay their trust.A survey conducted on 60 Australia all- party political decision makers from both Federal and State Governments showed the great influence that mass media and public opinion exert on foreign policy decision making in Australia. The survey can be summarized as follows2: Media + Community= Highest Influence on Government The findings reveal that Australian politicians are most influenced by the public opinion and media. Use of local newspaper and politician's local community is known to be considered as two main critical points to influence their decision-making. Timely data + Active public engagement= Effective tool for influencing on Government. Provision of timely & accurate market and direct, active public engagement are considered as most effective and powerful communication tools for making a point to government. The role of media is reporting of facts, events or news otherwise not known. . Originally, news was broadcasted on radio, always with one white, male presenter reading the entire bulletin. 'The use of pictures in those days was considered as descending the levels of the very much popular press. .Today, on the other hand, findings from various surveys conclude that television is the most popular news source and the one in which the majority of the public lay their trust. In terms of television media as a whole, it is

Business and Corporate Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business and Corporate Law - Coursework Example Therefore, the study covers advice to a director on issues of legal implication of incorporating a company, the duties of a director, consequences of breach of duty by a director, the doctrine of ultra vires, the raise of capital by a Company, and types of capital and the naming of a Company. Rather than a partnership, which pertains to a business carried out by two or more individuals after coming into existence through registration under the UK Partnership Act of 1980. The partners have individual liability; an incorporated private company limited by shares means a company with two to fifty shareholders whose liability to the company debts becomes limited to the shares they contribute to the Company (Charlesworth 2005, p. 43).The Company must be registered under the UK Companies Act of 2006, an Act that regulates the governance of incorporated Companies. Therefore, the promoters of Dart Company operate now under a different act with different roles and responsibility distinct from those of partnership. Once incorporated or registered, Oliver M.S &Marshall, (1994) argue that the Company from the date of incorporation, mentioned in the certificate of incorporation becomes an artificial legal person or body corporate capable of the following: having a separate legal personality where the company acts solely rather than dragging the names of the shareholders in to the dealings; having limited liability, now the shareholders of Dart Company have liability to the Company debts limited to the shares held in the Company; having the ability to own property; having locus standi of suing, so legal suits come under the name Dart Limited Company rather than the share holders names (Oliver M.S &Marshall, 1994, p. 104). Similarly, having perpetual succession where the company cannot die naturally but legally, therefore, even if the shareholders of Dart Company where to die the company could survive and the shares be vested on the heirs. In

Cases in international marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cases in international marketing - Essay Example The Multinationals have gained a huge market and a large number of new consumers, but have not been able to realize the full potential of their investments in China. They have benefited from cheap imports but have not been able to sell their own products for equal value or quantity and have ended in a trade deficit with their Chinese counterparts. However the Chinese too need the world markets as much as the world needs them and in this quid-pro-quo there is still a silver lining and by understanding and segmenting the market properly, lost ground can be recovered. Ever since the Chinese came out of their Walled existence and opened themselves to the International communities, they have become the focus of the whole world. Having the largest population on Earth opened up a marketing opportunity that was beyond comprehension to most conglomerates. Added to that the purchasing power dazzled one and all and Multinationals of all hues went headlong to get a piece of the action. Liberalization of the economy and a bent towards industrialization in a hurry offered huge opportunities for expansion. As of now as many as 320,000 foreign ventures have come up on mainland China, and they are growing by the day. China is the second largest recipient of Foreign Direct Investments that have crossed 400 billion dollars. Investments have come in from all quarters of the world, mainly from the USA. China does offer great marketing opportunities due to its huge population and capabilities. It has abundant cheap labour, a good infrastructure and liberal open market policies that are loved by the Multinationals. There are huge opportunities in manufacturing. Labour intensive industries thrive well due to very high productivity level of the workers and vigilant government machinery that still keeps them in line with their firm labour laws. Liberalization has created more job opportunities and the growing population is easily absorbed in industrial activities. To promote these

Financial Statements Paper Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statements Paper Part II - Essay Example here has been no reduction in equity of the company in year 2009 when compared with year 2008 so reduction in debt-equity ratio and debt ratio is attributed to lower debt component in year 2009. Lower debt-equity ratio reduces the risk of the company during difficult time as witnessed after the financial crisis of 2008. Major impact in the Home Depot’s performance has come in the form of interest coverage that has reduced in 2009 to just 6.98 times from the much safer coverage of 22.6 times in year 2008. This has also reduced its capacity to borrow more funds for business expansion. As far as revenue is concerned, the company reported sales of $77.3 billion in 2008; it has decreased to $71.228 billion in 2009. The company’s sales are in downward trends. It is apparent that the company’s businesses have been affected by the economic recession that set in after financial crisis in 2008-09. This reduction in revenue has also affected its return on assets that decreased significantly to 5.34% in year 2009 from 9.9% registered in 2008. Post 9/11 regulatory environment pertaining to information security has been quite rigorous. No company can afford to compromise with employee, customer and company data. Customers rely enormously on the company management and believe that their personal information and data will not get misused or compromised. It is true that any misappropriation of customer, employee or company data could endanger their reputation significantly resulting into financial losses apart from facing lawsuits by the affected people. Zoning regulations prevent use of property in a certain manner. Zoning regulations mean conforming to local land and building regulations and conduct businesses conforming to local laws. Zoning regulations also imposes certain conditions such as providing adequate parking facilities, timing of operations for doing business activities. Thus, zoning ordinances may impact the business activities of the company’s store in

Oxfam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Oxfam - Assignment Example In all that Oxfam does, the organization regards the contribution of partner organizations as essential and the inclusion of susceptible men and women inevitable to bring the injustices that underlie poverty to an end. Oxfam’s Geneva office bears the same objectives – to alleviate poverty (Oxfam, 1). This paper introduces the specific activities endowed to the Geneva, Switzerland offices in the collective goal of poverty reduction. In addition, this paper highlights the different ways through which Oxfam interacts with partner organizations and works with poor people to achieve its objective. Oxfam’s Geneva offices are advocacy offices that work towards influencing key organizations from various parts of the world to take part in poverty alleviation. Oxfam Geneva approaches and interacts with organizations such as WTO, UNHCR, ICRC, UNCTAD, and OCHA, directly and indirectly. Oxfam also incorporates Geneva based civil society organizations and groups in its activities. The structure of the Geneva, Switzerland offices allow the organization to assess and develop strategies regarding global humanitarian matters, in specific humanitarian system development, disaster risk minimization, and global reactions to disasters and humanitarian crises in which the organization takes part on the ground. Other activities that take place in the Geneva offices include lobbying and development of an alliance to support agriculture and food security, access to medications, and climate change. Additionally, Oxfams Geneva offices conduct petitioning at the World Trade Organization (WTO) concerning poverty alleviation (Oxfam,

Canon Law & 8th Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Canon Law & 8th Amendment - Essay Example Since the fourth century, the Roman Catholic Church has been developing regulations that have had some influence on secular (non-church-related) legal procedures. These regulations are called canons and are codified in the Code of Canon Law (in Latin, Codex juris canonici). Canon law has its origins in ancient church writings, decisions made by the general councils of local bishops, and rulings issued by the pope. An Italian law teacher, Gratian, organized these ideas in the mid-twelfth century. He sorted the collection into religious law, penal law, sacramental law, and other categories. Along with a set of decisions by the pope called Decretals of Gregory IX, Gratian's work formed the main body of canon law for nearly eight hundred years. In 1917, Pope Benedict XV recodified (revised) the canons. Pope John Paul II reissued the Code of Canon Law in 1983-authorizing increased participation of laity in the church, recognizing the needs of disabled people, and making other changes. A related text, the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, was reissued by the Holy See (the seat of papal government) in 1990. In the middle Ages, canon law was used in ecclesiastical (church) courts to decide many types of cases that in modern times are decided by civil courts, including criminal offenses. Crimes that were tried by the church included adultery, blasphemy, slander, heresy (opposition to official religious views), money lending, and gambling. -Of-faith cases concerning contracts, as well as inheritance and marriage-related cases. Criminal trial procedures in medieval church courts were the source of some features that found their way into common law. Although witnesses were considered the best source of proof of a crime under canon law, suspected offenders could also be tried because of public fame (suspicion in the community that they had committed a crime). An inquest made up of twelve men-a forerunner of royal courts' grand juries-said under oath whether public suspicion existed. If none did, then a judge had no authority to proceed. After establishing public fame, the court's next step was canonical purgation, in which the accused person swore an oath that she or he was innocent. Proof of innocence was accomplished by compurgation, in which several oath helpers would swear that they believed the oath was true. People who objected to the purgation of an accused person had the chance to prove their accusation of guilt. The use of canon law in governmental decisions is not well documented. In the early fifteenth century, commissions of the English Parliament made use of canonical procedures and canon law experts to decide issues involving laws of war, diplomacy, and other questions. For example, Parliament's justification for deposing King Richard II seems to have been based on papal bulls (decrees). In modern times, the creation, interpretation, and use of the canons closely resemble those of secular law. The Episcopal Conference of Local Bishops and the National Conference of Catholic Bishops are voting bodies that set policy for the church. When policy has been codified, it is used by judges in Catholic tribunals in determining whether certain practices or requests are acceptable according to the canons. (Catholic tribunals make up the Church's own court system, which interprets canonical policy to resolve questions of church practice.) Case law (previous

The Rise of Mass Communications HW Research Paper

The Rise of Mass Communications HW - Research Paper Example With the technology that we have at our disposal now, one would expect that the start of the 20th century would have been technologically quite prosperous. But as far as mass communication media are concerned, the only mass communication medium available was newspapers (Unknown, 2000-2010). The telegram and telephone were also present at that time, which were very powerful supplements to newspapers by providing ways to send information across huge distances, instantly (Bellis, 2011). Still, newspapers were the only source of mass communication. So, the 20th century has seen the advent of many technological advances, and with them, there have been numerous revolutions in the ways through which businesses, governments and public figures have employed, and at times exploited, mass media for their agendas. Radio was the first of the communication media inventions in the 20th century, invented by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901. Radio, combined with telegraphy, was one of the most excessively u sed tools (Unknown, 2000-2010), specially at the time of war. It was extensively used as a tool of propaganda during WWI and WWII. Also, political leaders fighting for freedom from colonial rule used this as a tool of spreading their word and getting people united under the same banner, such as in the subcontinent. Radio has also been used extensively for advertisement and information broadcasting since the advent of Amplitude Modulation Radio and Frequency Modulation Radio. Television was the next major invention in the field of communication, and its global outreach opened up new paradigms of media usage. It has proven to be the push required to spread businesses across continents by providing them the platform to advertise to global markets and extend their reach e.g. global brands, like McDonalds (McDonald’s, 2010; Stanley, 2010), have relied heavily on television for going global. With reach comes the power to influence further, and that made television a more powerful p ropaganda tool. The notion of sitting in a person’s home, in front of them, and talking to them with words and actions, has been exploited time and again by public figures and political leaders to lure public into believing what they want them to believe. The false propaganda going on against Islam in recent times, showing it as a cruel and inhumane religion, has been at the heart of building animosity between people and gaining support for oppressive attacks against Muslims (Bleher, 2000). The 20th century has had many technological marvels, but nothing has been as miraculous as computer and internet. This finally provides a medium for not only transmitting your message like the television or newspapers, but also getting feedback on it instantly through dialogues, understanding different cultures and building as well as professing views. Free information access through internet means that companies strive and pay more and more to fill the computer screens of potential custom ers. But, the most powerful use of internet is e-business, which needs virtually no investment, and thus no chance of a monetary loss. Companies like Amazon and others have become global internet brands and almost every company pitches its products to millions of customers, everyday through websites (Newell and Budge, 2011). The bigger they are, the bigger they are; internet has been the source of most conspiracies and

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star crossed lovers. Who fall deeply in love with each outher the moment they meet. At the beginning of the play Juliet is a child like innocent little girl. She does whatever her mother and father tell her to do, I can tell this by when her mother calls her she runs to her mother, and her first words to her mother are madam what is your will? Here she expresses that she is ready to do as she is told. She knows nothing about the world. This is because she has been educated at home. If Juliet does need to go out of the house it is always with the accompany of the nurse or her mother. Juliet is very obedient to her father. The first rapid change we see within Juliet, the innocent little girl. This happens the minute she meets Romeo. She turns really devious. This all happens after Juliet has kissed Romeo, he is about to set off home. Juliet wants to know what his name is, so she asks the nurse, the names of outher young men before actually asking Romeos name. Whats he that now is going out of door? Marry, that I think be young petruchio Whats he that follows there, that would not dance? here she is referring to Romeo. When the nurse does not know his name Juliet sends the nurse to go and ask him. When the nurse returns she tells Juliet his name is Romeo, and a Montague, the only son of your great enemy. This is the first step Juliet takes where she starts to develop her changes from an innocent girl to a young lady who has to make a decision for herself. This is where Juliet has to make a decision whether or not to for get Romeo or to still think of him knowing that he is one of her great enemies. This is also one of the decisions she has to make on her own, without her mother or anyone knowing. Even though she is crafty Juliet is also rather levelheaded. She shows this when Romeo is deeply in love with Juliet and all he talks about in love non-stop. With loves light wings did I oerperch these, walls, for story limits cannot hold love out: and what love can do, that dares love attempt: therefore the kinsmen are no stop to me. At this moment Romeo is just to deeply in love, and does not really think of what he is saying or doing. Whereas Juliet is more down to earth, and reminds Romeo if what danger he could be in. If they do see thee, they will murder thee. It is still the same night she met Romeo, Juliet turns from a child like daughter into a young lady who just does what she feels like doing. This happens when Juliet purposes to Romeo and asks him to send her his answer the next day. At this point Juliet does not really think of what she is doing, Juliet takes things into her own hands and does not bother thinking of the consequences. Juliet does not even ask anyone else before she asks Romeo to marry him, but instead takes matters into her own hands. One other thing that changes about Juliet is that she does not wait for Romeo to bring up the marriage, but brings it up her self. Which is unusual for the girl to be the one that suggests marriage. After taking matters into her own hands Juliet also becomes very demanding, and impatient, something that you would not expect an nai ve girl to be come like in such short time. The clock struck none when I did send the nurse: In half an hour she promised to return therefore here Juliet remembers how long the nurse had told she would take and Juliet had remembered, this also shows that Juliet has kept track of time and has been counting each minute the nurse has been. When the nurse does finally return with the answer Juliet does not lat her sit down knowing she is out of breath, she just wants to her the reply back. But the nurse who just wants to play around with Juliet gives her a hard time, by not telling her the answer. When Juliet says sweet, sweet, sweet Nurse, tell me, what says my love? Repeating sweet three times Juliet sweet talks her way back to the nurse, which makes the nurse to give in. Juliet becomes very romantic and, loving. This is another one of Juliets changes after she meets Romeo. But to be frank and give it the again: And yet I wish but for the thing I have. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep: the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infinite. Juliet here is saying all this to Romeo and expressing her love to him, so much that she says my love as deep the more I give to thee the more love she gives to Romeo the more I have for both are infinite the more never ending love she holds inside her. Wilt thou be gone? It is not near day. It was the nightingale, and not the lark this is when Romeo and Juliet have spent the night in Juliets bedroom, mourning has broke but Juliet denies that it is mourning when she says it was the nightingale the bird that comes out at night, and that it was not the lark the bird that comes in the mourning. So here Juliet denies that it is mourning because being with Romeo makes time fly past. Therefore this is where Juliet is not the sensible one, and this is the point where Juliet is in an adoring mood. Juliet also shows integrity by saying no to her marriage with Paris. This is where she takes things the hard way. What she could have done she could have married Paris and forget all about Romeo as he was banished. But she loved Romeo and took the hard way. There is another frantic change in Juliet. Being with Romeo has also made her very brave. The first brave aspect we see in Juliet is when she marries her fathers enemys son, Romeo. Knowing what can happen to Romeo and her she still takes the big step in marring Romeo. She is also exceedingly brave when she tells her father that she will not marry Paris. Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. This is the first time ever she has disobeyed her father. Making her point loud and clear in saying no to marring Paris. She is also very brave when she takes the potion. At first she cant wait to get her hands on the potion, give me give me. Knowing the potion can go wrong and if she does wake before Romeo has got to her. When I am laid into the tomb, I wake before the time that Romeo comes to re deem me. She still takes the potion for her loves sake. Again she is extremely brave when she kills herself when she sees Romeo dead on the floor Juliet sees the dagger as some sort of cover that will protect her from everything that is happing and take her to her Romeo O happy dagger! This is thy sheath, there rust, and let me die. On the whole I think Juliet does what she does because of the difficulties this feud has caused for her relationship with Romeo. I also think that it is good that Juliet changed throughout the story because if she did stay as an innocent girl she would have never gone as far as marring Romeo. Throughout the whole play every change that she made helped her in many ways. If Juliet did not turn crafty or disloyal to her father she would have never ended up dieing with Romeo. Hansa Saleem 11E Romeo and Juliet essay.

Managing marketing activities of motorola

Managing marketing activities of motorola Motorola was established in Chicago, as (G.M.C) Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928, with its first product as BATTERY ELIMINATOR. As the company purchased the patents to the automatic radio and developed the privileges of making trade. As trade name used as since the 1930s. Several of Motorolas Products were made in radio related fields .initially they introduced the battery eliminator .they introduced the first walkie-talkie in the world in the period of1940, they started making electronics items related to defense, cellular arrangement equipment, and production of mobile phones. In the year 1943, the company erected its research and development platform with Dan Noble, a developer in FM radio and semiconductor technologies amalgamated with the company as director of research. In the year 1947 it became to public company, many of the changes took place like change of name. logo, production and operational rules in 1955. And at that time Motorola was generally in business of ma king and vending of T.V and receivers (RADIO). In Toronto Motorola released its global subsidiary and they started funding the upcoming and foremost universities. In full swing Motorola developed its R D research test center in Phoenix to research new solid-state technology, Motorola presented the worlds first viable high-power germanium oriented transistor. Motorola traded its first TV trade to Japanese based company PANASONIC. www.motorola.com Organizational Background Motorola. is one of the listed Fortune 100 multinational corporations that largely engages in telecommunications and is grounded in America. It is a solitary market leader in the semiconductor technology group which lists mobile, pagers, semi-conductors, and microprocessors. It has always given a tough competition with its Japanese opponents. The slogan of Motorola is Intelligence Everywhere which depicts that all the areas in the world will be held by intelligent technology if people are with Motorola. In 2008, Motorola Inc. had an aggregate of just about 64,000 staffs and had income of above $ 30 billion approximately. Still however with such great figures, the market portion of mobile field division of Motorola is been diminishing and as on the company is getting into loss. Motorola is recognized for its pioneer results of bulk construction of semi-conductors and many other discoveries in the area of wireless technology which transformed the world of telecommunication, Organizational Setup In the year 2008, there are more than 65,000 staffs working in Motorola worldwide, with revenues generated over 30 billion us dollars. Due to its innovations and internationally recognized product feature, it holds the position of authentic and latest technology products. Motorola is growing and increasing in size due to its RD, and only during the dot-com hype, the company faced huge losses. And currently, due to key competitions in the market and global economic crisis, it is facing a huge loss. Motorola used innovative idea to enter the market. As Motorola has lasted for years, the growth has helped Motorola to fight for challenges of corporate revolutions. Continuous up gradation in the working technique is a part of Motorolas development. . Corporate Objectives Mission Statements and Vision Statements are printed for clients and staffs of businesses. A Mission Statement is defined as a verdict or short article printed by a company or business which imitates its essential task, individuality, code and values of business objectives.. Mission We are a global communications leader powered by a passion to invent and an unceasing commitment to advance the way the world connects. Our communication solutions allow people, businesses and governments to be more connected and more mobile Vision Our history is ironic. Our future is vigorous. Its the Motorola and the passion of discovery is what pushes us. Marketing Objectives Motorola wants to achieve following marketing objectives these are following: To Launch 27 new handsets at the end of 2008. + 7for CDMA + 12 forGSM + 4 for UMTS + 5 for iDEN Delayed delivery links in China and India Achieving rank one in 2010, Escalation the Transactions or sales capacity Escalation the market share Growth of profit COMPETITIVE MARKETING Targeting Strategy The market target of Motorola is for the people in both city and countryside area. The main target is YOUTHS which gets attracts by the following features of Motorola they are price Thin and Fashionable Trendy and Light in use Advanced technological hand sets Segmentation Strategy The main segmentation on which the Motorola focuses on is as follows Age Income Occupation Life style Positioning Strategy Positioning is the procedure by which dealers try to generate an appearance or uniqueness in the field of customer preferences of their marketplace through Symbol and color of the Product. So Motorola positioned its product Positioning strategy on the basis of its Symbol and color The punch line of Motorola is Hello Moto and Intelligence Everywhere. Motorola located itself as a purchaser centralized company. . PEST Analysis According to M,PETTER Pest analysis is mainly carried to know the situation of a company that enhances its surroundings operations with the situation that its faces with government, people, buyers, competitors .to have predictable result of analysis. That let the company to assess its performance. Potential of Geo-Marketing-Tools for the Development of Advanced Political Fiscal policy policy Government policy ,tax policy Economic l selling low price phones with better quality To produce budget oriented product Presentation of valuable variety in the marketplace so the client could have an better reputation in their mind Social Delivering quality product to the customer Giving proposals of offers to shopkeepers retailers and purchaser To deliver a social fashionable brand To Change the customer approaches and attitudes Technological To provide new technological product .that rarely exits in the market To acquire or up bring the technology that gives completion the market To enhance the ease of work in workers point of view by installing technological equipments SWOT Analysis Internal factor STRENGTH Their passion to invent and guide the market by introducing new technology. The officials of Motorola were broad- minded to modify and reacted appropriately towards challenges. It got a lot of most important acquisitions, business alliances and mergers with major companies in the market which made Motorola a major threat to other competitor. WEAKNESS The customers were unsatisfied as the customer service was poor and they were not delivering after sales service and in mobile handsets The devices developed by Motorola had many defects in them as they were newly introduced in the market which made an image of being inefficient and lacking by a strategy. The staffs of Motorola required more training compared to other rivalries, along with their old management technics and this factor are important in the operation of the company. External factor OPPURTUNITIES As Motorola could engage itself in observing its opponents to gather information of their activities and to implement far better ideas. Motorola could engage itself in strategy like mergers, acquisition. Trend of technology To outsource new products that will enhance it competitor to go hard on them Threats Motorola has faced many problems in the business of telecommunication that enhanced its rivarlys to follows new ideas and technology that Motorola used in delay Motorola also faced many challenge in technical failure ,although quite few In numbers . but the faults. Handset problems is continue to be existing at present. The major threats for Motorola in U.K market is blackberry, nokia , Samsung, still its competitors grow enough better than giving error free handsets than Motorola. Evaluation of five forces. Threat of substitute Goods can be seen as the excellence of semiconductors retains shifting regularly. It gets slighter, inexpensive or nearer. The value and the operation fluctuates in from time to time therefore the value can fall nearly 45 to 55 percent Moreover, the mobile industry is so compact and hard, that publics are flowing to auxiliary products due to operation value and space. The danger of innovative contestants always occurs in the marketplace for any manufacturing company but precisely for Motorola, new competitors like Apple, Samsung and other businesses which were leading the deals in electronics have now entered the mobile phone category to compete with Motorola. Therefore, increase in new competitors and the pressure of existing competitors has reduced the market share of Motorola in all the product categories. The bargaining power of consumers is strong as the market is consumer driven and since Motorola is not a mono corporate, the consumers do have strong bargaining power as they mi ght shift to the competitors. The bargaining power of suppliers is very less in the case of Motorola as it has created a strong and robust operation system with its suppliers globally over the Internet. In order to reduce costs and at the same time increase productivity, Motorola had to reduce the time border and the efforts required to negotiate with the suppliers, organize the process and to increase efficiency while saving cos. The dealers were connected with Motorola over the Internet and various functions like bidding, negotiating, and buying can be done between the suppliers. Motorola also issued awards towards the suppliers for their efforts and excellent service which created competition amongst suppliers (Informs, 2005).. Evaluation of Marketing Mix The 4 Ps of Motorola Company are as follows. Product For a fruitful marketing mix, crafting the invention affording to the requirements always plays an major concern. The main goods of Motorola include handsets, where the technological variations always occurs normally with concern to its competitors by allowing changes in audio,videos,wi fi connection , and to deliver answers to productions, operations, and administration Price The attention of the customer to the produce their willingness to buy the product mainly depend on the price charging more than reasonable price will not impress consumer and cheap rates will be believed durable quality products. Typically in the telecommunication segment, the costs are indirectly connected with the product life cycle.so in the starting stage, rates are normally high in the marketplace and there is no straight rivalry. So to scan the market and insure u the Study and Expansion charge which allows reducing in price to capture market during second stage, publicity proposals are additional to upsurge the auctions. And during weakening period, the installation of new equipment is made as its beneficiary place Delivery is very significant as it should be suitable for the customer to enter it and. Motorola has numerous suppliers everywhere in the globe which form the average of sellers for the clients. As even in many country selecting the place plays an important role to attract the customer. Promotion Motorola achieves both directly above the mark and directly below the mark procedures of publicity. The kind of promotion mix straightly rest on on the product life cycle. During the development point the flow of money is condensed but not fully. During maturity period, the monetary amount for promotion is increased. During the weakening phase promotions like proposals and reductions are presented. Evaluation of customer preferences Delivering finest result to the Customer is very significant as the customers mainly assume advanced alleged welfares and moderately less rates. Although Motorola engages large number of customer competitors and wealthy in the invention group of phones.so its very much important for the company to think that which segment will be best for them while bringing the customer in the market to purchase their commodity instead of buying from their rivalry casual segment and corporate Segment. The supplies and the prospects of both these sections differ extensively from each other and the customer value depends on the segment. The casual segment contains consumers of both genders, age ,group people who use the mobile phone for steady usage like calling, messaging, listening to music, taking photographs, etc. customer use in towards the point of view is far better from wats it was in old days as there was rare existing market group that accumulate the company to use different marketing Strategy as accompanied by their competitors they often tend to analyze what their tatse and consumer preferences should be .therfore consumer preferences should be evaluated through the policys keeping in mind whether what suites the best . that the customer demands .even though in include the company to concern its major services in finding of what is the needed requirement of customer globally. Conclusion Motorola Inc. has a history over periods and was on one occasion a market groundbreaker in its corporate world .which was determined by its innovative ideas to cover the market by its trust worthy products that enhanced a turn in the field of telecommunication which made a pillar hard like structure in the corporate world of information and technology that allowed it to be always a motivational ideal for its. As because of many factors that include various points during the tactical process of company in concluding hard toward lead in its business. Moreover, earlier Motorola was able to, but now Motorola is finding it tough to challenge rivals like LG, S.Erickson, APPLE.. This is because it follows its old tradition nal trends in the markets . which the customers dont like in todays world to come up with. As well as with in its outdated technique to improvise a short term plans,

james montgomery flagg :: essays research papers

James Montgomery Ward   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Montgomery Flagg was born on June 18, 1887 in Pelham Manor, New York. As a child, Flagg loved sketching with pen and paper. In fact, his first published painting was at the age of twelve by the then popular magazine St. Nicholas Magazine. By the age of fourteen, he was a regular contributor to Life Magazine. A year later, he was hired to be on the staff of Judge Magazine. Flagg continued to contribute by drawing famous celebrity portraits for the popular magazines front covers. Although Flagg went to the prestigious Art Students League, he attributes most of his knowledge and talent in art to the many drawing he saw by others working with the magazines. In 1916, Flagg turned in a painting he was commissioned to do for Leslie’s Magazine. The cover read, â€Å"What are you doing for preparedness?† After seeing this, the U.S. government asked Flagg to adapt the man to a war poster. This figure later became known as Uncle Sam. There have been numerous questions as to Uncle Sam’s true identity. As far as the physical appearance goes, it is indeed James Montgomery Flagg himself. Flagg usually posed for himself to save money on not hiring models for his artworks. As for the pointed finger, Flagg borrowed that idea from a British propaganda poster featuring Lord Horatio Kitchener with the same pose asking the same question. The character itself has two stories about it. The first states that Uncle Sam was indeed a real person named Samuel Wilson. Samuel Wilson was a meat packer during the war of 1812. Sam would donate generous amounts of meat to the soldiers of the American army. People say this character was perfect to uphold the values of the United States which were fairness, reliability, and honesty. The other story behind the Uncle Sam name is that it matches the acronyms for the United States (U. james montgomery flagg :: essays research papers James Montgomery Ward   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Montgomery Flagg was born on June 18, 1887 in Pelham Manor, New York. As a child, Flagg loved sketching with pen and paper. In fact, his first published painting was at the age of twelve by the then popular magazine St. Nicholas Magazine. By the age of fourteen, he was a regular contributor to Life Magazine. A year later, he was hired to be on the staff of Judge Magazine. Flagg continued to contribute by drawing famous celebrity portraits for the popular magazines front covers. Although Flagg went to the prestigious Art Students League, he attributes most of his knowledge and talent in art to the many drawing he saw by others working with the magazines. In 1916, Flagg turned in a painting he was commissioned to do for Leslie’s Magazine. The cover read, â€Å"What are you doing for preparedness?† After seeing this, the U.S. government asked Flagg to adapt the man to a war poster. This figure later became known as Uncle Sam. There have been numerous questions as to Uncle Sam’s true identity. As far as the physical appearance goes, it is indeed James Montgomery Flagg himself. Flagg usually posed for himself to save money on not hiring models for his artworks. As for the pointed finger, Flagg borrowed that idea from a British propaganda poster featuring Lord Horatio Kitchener with the same pose asking the same question. The character itself has two stories about it. The first states that Uncle Sam was indeed a real person named Samuel Wilson. Samuel Wilson was a meat packer during the war of 1812. Sam would donate generous amounts of meat to the soldiers of the American army. People say this character was perfect to uphold the values of the United States which were fairness, reliability, and honesty. The other story behind the Uncle Sam name is that it matches the acronyms for the United States (U.

Work Related stress Essays -- essays research papers

Fifty percent of workers have suffered some form of stress at work in a 12-month period. The statistics in healthcare professions were even higher. Stress in the workplace is becoming a major concern for employers, managers and government agencies, meaning the Occupational Health and Safety legislations are requiring employers to practice a ‘duty of care’ by providing employees with safe working environments which also cover the psychological well-being of their staff. One of the costs, for employers, of work place stress is absenteeism. Other negative effects are reductions in productivity, reduced profits, accidents, high rates of sickness, increased workers’ comp. claims and high staff turnover, requiring recruiting and training of replacement staff. Now of course it is natural to have a certain amount of stress, this is needed to motivate people into action, but prolonged stress can have a huge impact on overall health which actually causes one to be in distress. Most people don’t realize it but over two- thirds of doctors visits are probably due to stress-related illnesses. Stress has been linked to headaches especially migraines, backaches, insomnia, cramps, elevated blood pressure, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and lowered resistance to infection. For women, stress is a key factor in hormonal imbalances resulting in menstrual irregularities, PMS, fibroids, endometriosis and fertility problems. Stress can also be a factor in the development of almost all state...

Achetypal Works of Dystopian Literature Essay -- Essays Papers

Achetypal Works of Dystopian Literature The endeavor to achieve utopia, the best existence obtainable to humanity, is a response to the problems present in society. It is a way of dealing in the imagination with these problems, suggesting an ideal for society to strive towards. From Plato’s Republic on, however, utopia has had a characteristic shortcoming. Huxley observed that the inhabitants of Utopia are radically unlike human beings. Their creators spend all their ink and energy in discussing, not what actually happens, but what would happen if men and women were quite different from what they are and from what, throughout recorded history, they have always been (Kennedy 44). The search for utopia continues strongly today, except in place of the traditional, constructive, positive utopias, we have what is almost a new literary strain-utopia in reverse, cacotopia, the worst of all possible worlds (Herzog 74). This anti-utopian society is one in which characters lead dehumanized lives because a utopian ideal has fallen apart or gone afoul of its original intent. The main characters in dystopian novels are often trapped in their lives and struggling to escape; these novels usually intend to criticize existing social conditions and political systems. While utopian literature portrays ideal worlds, dystopian literature depicts the flaws and failures of imaginative societies. Often these societies are related to utopias, and the dystopian writers have chosen to reveal shortcomings of those social systems previously considered ideal (Booker 10). Many critics rank Aldous Huxely’s Brave New World and George Orwell’s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four as two model works of dystopian literature (Cushing 521). Both novels ... ...ter with Wendy Cole, â€Å"What Ever Happened To Play?† in Time Magazine, April 28, 2001. Available http://www.time.com/time/education/printout/0,8816,107264,00.html. Kluger, Jeffrey, â€Å"Next Up: Prozac,† in Time Magazine, Vol. 152, No. 22, November 30, 1998. Available http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/dom/981130/cover_story.the_age_of_4a.html. McMichael, Charles T., â€Å"Aldous Huxley’s ‘Island’: The Final Vision,† in Studies in the Literary Imagination. Vol. 1, No. 2, April, 1968. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1981. Schellenberg, James, â€Å"Review of George Orwell’s 1984,† in George Orwell. New York: Penguin, 1984. Anonymous, â€Å"Are We Living in an Orwellian World?† Available http://www.newspeak.com/Newspeak.htm. von Hoffman, Nicholas, â€Å"Huxley Vindicated,† in The Spectator, Vol. 249, No. 8036, July 17, 1982.

Australian Identity Essay

The Australian identity is a diverse concept that has developed overtime through significant events in our history. As a result of these events, it is has established Australia into a multicultural society that now includes numerous new lifestyles. However, it is an evolving concept that is still becoming, as further cultures are migrating to Australia and introducing unique traditions to the Australian life. This idea is further explored in the poem ’No more boomerang’ by Kath Walker, which exhibits how the Australian Aboriginals were forced into a westernized lifestyle by the British migrants. In ‘But I was born here, Miss’ by an unnamed migrant child, we venture into the life of an Australian migrant child who underwent difficulties at his school because of his ethnic background. In Tim Winton’s ‘Neighbours’, we witness how the juxtaposing lifestyles of the migrants and the Australians come together and live as one, peaceful community . Comprehending a new way of life is frequently a difficult task to undertake, especially if it is forced upon. The poem ‘No more boomerang’ is a prime example of how a significant event in Australia’s history, the Arrival of the First Fleet, impacted on Australia’s identity. The Australian Aboriginals were the first migrants of Australia, and they lived and created the first Australian lifestyle.. The author, Kath Walker uses parallelism in the form of ‘No more’, which represents how much of the Aboriginal culture has been lost and has come to stop because of the new customs and traditions implemented by the Anglo-Saxons which entitles a new civilized culture. This notion is reinforced in the third stanza of the poem through repetition of ‘No more’ in the line, â€Å"No more sharing of food†. This stanza refers to how the Aboriginals are now no longer following their old customary lifestyles and instead are slowly familiarizing themselves to the new British way of life. It is unmistakable that the Aboriginal’s had a problematic period adapting to the new way of life installed by the British. However because of the British colonization we are now a country equal to Britain and one that provides all its citizens with a good life. Nevertheless a new wave of migrants arrived from southern Europe and thus cultural diversity started in schools around Australia. But this wasn’t always a good thing as a migrant child wrote in ‘But I was born here, Miss’. Australian migrant children went through troublesome obstacles at school because of their ethnicities. In this poem the author has used the repetition of the motif, ‘’But I was born  here, Miss’’ to emphasize how the child is still seen as a migrant even though he claims as being born in Australia. It further highlights how unaccepted a child was because of his or her cultural background which is supported by the rhetorical question â€Å"Where do I live?†. In addition, the rhetorical question gives further insights into how the migrant child did not feel like he belonged because of his differences between the other children. This intolerance led to a clash between the cultures which caused fights and misunderstandings at schools across Australia. It is therefore evident that Australian migrant children endured harsh circumstances at school because of their ethnicities and the intolerance of the Australian born children. Maybe due to the fact of th is intolerance many migrant children didn’t regard themselves as an Australian. Maybe they simply did not want to be associated with a group of people that could not accept someone for whom he or she truly is. In time however the two cultures would learn to live with each other and create a tolerant society as apparent in Tim Winton’s ‘Neighbours’. Countless of Australians and migrants were not accustomed to the lifestyles of each other and often wrongly misinterpreted each other’s actions. In the text, the author Tim Winton uses a hyperbole within the line, â€Å"Their neighbours were not murdering each other, merely talking†. He uses it to demonstrate how the new couple were not use to people casually talking to each other in that loud manner which had been influenced by the European culture of the neighbours. Australians and migrants wrongly misinterpreted each other’s actions which lead to one believing the other was crazy and vice versa. This exemplifies the different cultures each one lived by and the traditions that went along with them. The Australians were quiet and friendly people who are always respectful and knew their boundaries. Whereas the migrants were loud and critical people who always had an opinion and did not know what boundaries were. This is conveyed in the story when the new couple p lanted vegetables in their backyard which caught the attention of their neighbours, who were quick to give them advice on how to plant and maintain the vegetables. The couple would then share their vegetables with their neighbours who in turn provided vegetables for them to plant. The gap between the Australian couple and their European neighbours was finally reduced as they learned to live together in harmony. Therefore it is seen that the Australians and migrants  could learn to live with each other and create a society that accepts other cultures. In conclusion, it is clear that the Australian identity is a diverse concept that has changed over the course of Australia’s history. This is effectively highlighted in the texts, ‘No more boomerang’, ‘But I was born here, Miss’ and in, ‘Neighbours’, as they convey different aspects of the Australian identity which have been affected by events in our history. Simultaneously these events have created a multicultural society that positively interacts with each other and shares cultural traditions.

Change Agent Skills Essay

In order to be a successful sustainability change agent, an individual must have the following: 1. 2. 3. Knowledge of the environmental, economic, and social issues related to sustainability (understanding)Í ¾ A value system and self-concept to support and under gird the actions of a change agent (motivation)Í ¾ and Change agent abilities (skills). Change Agent Abilities: The following is a listing of change agent abilities compiled from numerous sources. For ease of use, these sources have all been acknowledged at the end of this document. Change agents are:  · Resilient  · Optimistic  · Tenacious  · Committed  · Passionate  · Patient  · Emotionally intelligent  · Assertive  · Persuasive  · Empathetic  · Authentic  · Ethical  · Self-Aware  · Competent  · Curious They can: Communicate ideas clearly, concisely, and precisely both orally and in writing Listen to others and incorporate their ideas and perspectives Accommodate individual differences (cultural, socioeconomic, global, etc.) in your decisions and actions and be able to negotiate across these differences. Engage in self-assessment, self-reflection, and analysis Reflect on what is happening to make meaning, gain perspective and understanding Engage in civil discourse and debate Mediate and resolve conflicts Analyze power, structures of inequality, and social systems that govern individual and communal life Recognize the global implications of their actions Span boundaries Challenge the status quo effectively when appropriate Creatively and collaboratively solve problems using critical thinking skillsÍ ¾ search for â€Å"families† of solutions for complex multi-faceted issues Collaborate, network, develop alliances and coalitions, build teams Involve others, inspire and excite participants, engender support and commitment See the big picture and the larger goal and understand the need for systemic change Adjust to the diverse and changing needs of both individuals and society as a whole Set realistic and clearly defined goals and objectives Be both a leader and a follower, as necessary Analyze and influence group dynamics Make ethical decisions which incorporate responsibility to self, community, and society Help envision, articulate and create positive scenarios for the future of society See the paths, small steps, for changes needed for a more sustainable future, convert it into a tasklist and timeline, and follow through effectively Tolerate ambiguity and cope effectively with change  © ACPA – College Student Educators International (http://www.myacpa.org/) in collaboration with the U.S. Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development (www.uspartnership.org ). May be reproduced for educational purposes with credit given. They have:  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · Insights into the functioning and interconnectedness of systems A commitment to finding solutions to societal problems Political efficacy, a belief that what they think and do civically and politically matters Integrity Courage An understanding of â€Å"organic† change Useful Theoretical Models: â€Å"A Social Change Model of Leadership Development† (1996) â€Å"Systemic Leadership† (Allen & Cherrey, 2000) â€Å"Reframing Organizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bolman & Deal, 2003) â€Å"Relational Leadership† (Komives, S. R., Lucas, N., & McMahon, T. R., 1998) â€Å"Social Entrepreneurship† â€Å"Servant Leadership† Resources and References: A social change model of leadership development: Guidebook (Version III). (1996). Los Angeles: University of California Los Angeles Higher Education Research Institute. Allen, K. E., & Cherrey, C. (2000). Systemic leadership: Enriching the meaning of our work. Washinton, DC: University Press of America. Astin, A. W., & Astin, H. S. (2000). Leadership reconsidered: Engaging higher education in social change. Battle Creek, MI: W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2003). Reframing Organizations: Artistry Choice and Leadership (third ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Colby, A., Ehrlich, T., Beaumont, E., & Stephens, J. (2004). The role of higher education in preparing undergraduates for lives of civic responsibility. In K. Ferraiolo (Ed.), New Direction in civic engagement: University avenue meets main street (pp. 51-58). Charlottesville, VA: Pew Partnership for Civic Change. Drayton, B. (2005). Everyone a changemaker. Peer Review, 7(3), 8-11. Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Herder and Herder. Hines, S. M. (2005). The practical side of liberal education: An overview of liberal education and entrepreneurship. Peer Review, 7(3), 4-7. Komives, S. R., Lucas, N., & McMahon, T. R. (1998). Exploring leadership: For college students who want to make a difference (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Loeb, P. R. (1999). Soul of a citizen: Living with conviction in a cynical time. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Loeb, P. R. (Ed.). (2004). The impossible will take a little while: A citizen’s guide to hope in a time of fear. New York: Basic Books. Lorde, A. (1984). Learning from the 60s. In Sister outsider: Essays and speeches (pp. 134-144). Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press. Musil, C. M. (2006). Assessing global learning: matching good intentions with good practice. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities. Recklies, D. What Makes a Good Change Agent? Retrieved December 19, 2006, from http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/change_agent.htm Rowe, D. (2002). Environmental Literacy and sustainability as core requirements: Success stories and models. In W. L. Filho (Ed.), Teaching Sustainability at Universities. New York: Peter Lang Scientific Publishers. Rowe, D., Bartleman, D., Khirallah, M., Smydra, M., Keith, G., & Ponder, M. (1999). Reduce cynicism and apathy and create positive change agents: Essential and missing components of our educational curricula. Paper presented at the Chair Academy Conference Proceedings, Long Beach, CA. Stein, K. (2006). University of Delaware IFST Capstone Course Syllabus. Thomas, N. (2004). Educating for citizenship in a diverse and interdependent society. In K. Ferraiolo (Ed.), New direction in civic engagement: University avenue meets main street (pp. 43-50). Charlottesville, VA: Pew Partnership for Civic Change.

Technicalities of Dance

Tonya Sok English 1304 Dr. Beaven 27 March 2013 Technicalities of Dance Dance is a universal language that involves exaggerated movements of the arms, legs, and body. With the sound of music, dance is more than just a form of expression. It is a moving portrait embraced by the curtain frame. It is a masterpiece assembled by artfully maneuvered strokes. The strokes don’t belong to that of the painter, but rather the educator who supervised the integration of music and dance. There it hangs on a stage like any other painting on a wall; a moving portrait.However, the many stereotypes formed among the dancers have altered the way some view the performances of dance. Especially in the modern and ballet genres, while the dancers pour their heart and soul into the movements, why does the audiences’ perspective change with a shift from female to male leads? What if the movements just did not meet our standards of liking or fit our taste? Do we enjoy the performance as a whole i f there is one odd flaw standing out? I explore the reasons as to why society judges the attributes of dance in such cases as mixed genders, their styles, and the unwillingness to accept it as a sport.The issues pertaining to gender should not matter in art. Men and women are free to express thoughts and ideas through paintings, and therefore both should be equally free to express themselves through dancing. In Negotiating the Gay Male Stereotype, Katherine M. Polasek believes cultures construct â€Å"gender, the body, and movement, restricting both males and females from using and exploring their bodies in ways not deemed gender-appropriate† (Page # and fix how the quote flows with sentence). Some people ridicule males in ballet for wearing tights because it is too â€Å"feminine†.On the other hand, when comparing ballet to wrestling, swimming, or football the use of tight pants or Speedos are considered as an attire requirement. Tights enable one to possess ease of m ovement and less drag friction. However, this does not correspond with sexual stereotypes targeting ballet because many other sports make use of similar tight-fit clothing. The gay stereotype in dance originates from the fact that men who take part in the form of art do not often present competition with other men in fields of sturdy speed and strength.Unlike sports such as basketball, football, soccer, or wrestling, men in ballet are not often looked upon as masculine for their light leaps and smooth swaying movements. Another reason why gay stereotypes exist within ballet would be because gay men actually do ballet alongside women, and ballet still remains more popular among women than men during the 21st century. Due to the amount of stereotypical comments made about the male dancers, â€Å"claims for athleticism and technique have been used to downplay the perceived risk and denigration of being identified as homosexual, as well as to justify dancers’ virility and value. Do I need to include this? ->Male dancers in school may use playing sports to camouflage homosexuality† (Hanna 223). Even though a male dancer is not gay, observers may sometimes perceive otherwise through movement analysis. For this reason, Polasek’s literature (

Terry Hill

Terry Hill, a professor at Oxford University argues that the criteria required in the marketplace (and identified by marketing) can be divided into two groups: âž ¢ An order qualifier is a characteristic of a product or service that is required in order for the product/service to even be considered by a customer. âž ¢ An order winner is a characteristic that will win the bid or customer's purchase. Order winners and qualifiers are both market-specific and time-specific. They work in different combinations in different ways on different markets and with different customers. While, some general trends exist across markets, these may not be stable over time. Order Qualifier: Incase of telephone company the main objective is to ensure proper communication. In this sector some of the order qualifiers are Grameenphone, Robi, Citycell, Banglalink, Teletalk, Warid. Order Winner: An Order winner criterion depends on the cost of the product, product quality and reliability, or any of the other dimensions developed earlier. In our country Citycell (Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited) is the first mobile communications company (since 1989) of Bangladesh. For this reason it got some priorities in that time. But when GP (Grameephone) came into market in 1997 it became the order winner because of its strong and reliabile network. Grameenphone was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. It has now more than 28 million subscribers (as of October 2010). As of July, 2008 Citycell has 1.67 million subscribers. It is Important to remember that the order winning and order qualifying criteria may change over time. Professor Hill states that a firm must re-qualify the order qualifiers every day it is in business.

What is specific about digital image and how can digital aesthetics be Essay

What is specific about digital image and how can digital aesthetics be described through a reference to glitch Give examples - Essay Example term is usually identified as jargon, used in electronic industries and services, circuit-bending practitioners, gamers, media artists, and designers. In electrical systems, a glitch is a short-lived error in a system or machine. A glitch appears as a defect..." (Goriunova & Shulgin, 2008) It is the breakdown and error of systems that produces the opportunity for genuine individuality or subjectivity of the post-modern digital artist. The individual self-expression is reduced to an ironic defect within the greater matrix of social programming and control, but is experienced heroically as overcoming by the person through creative self-identity. The glitch is the spontaneous ecstasy and spark of life referenced by the mythology and fairy tales of Artificial Intelligence in science fiction: the ghost-soul in the machine vs. man as god. The artist is seeking the reflection of singularity through artistic expression, yet to go beyond limits, the software imposed tautology must be transcen ded by the chaos of the glitch. The glitch is the software expression of the human in software through the most fundamental characteristic of modern humanity, human error. This is experienced as the irrationality of the unforseen manifesting in the face of the programmer and engineer’s vision of total control through system design. Yet, as both a symbol and in artistic practice, the glitch represents the synchronicity of a moment irreproducible and inconceivable other than how it appears, randomly, unexpected, captured as a nano-second flash and still-life photograph of quantum mind with all its uncertainty in post-modern awareness. Goriunova & Shulgin chart the meme of the modern Prometheus from Shelley’s Frankenstein as an example of Victorian conceptions of disfunctionality vs. utilitarianism: people, objects, and ideas "sooner or later becoming evil as they stop functioning correctly." (Ibid., p.115) If Frankenstein is the early modernist â€Å"glitch-as-hero,† then the

Music and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Burning Man outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burning Man outline - Essay Example ve such a large number of individuals across the world spending so much of their efforts and their time to construct something that will only last a few weeks? Why would the same people spend a junk of their resources on things that do not have any monetary gains? What compelling force was behind the formation of the Burning man and what powers make it possible to spread as fast as it did soon after its foundation? The last question is what importance does the festival of burning man have on our lives? The answers to such issues relate to the creativity of the founders of the movement, who developed an idea that replicated and extended on itself to form one of the strongest movements. As such, the founders of the ceremony talk of the importance of the ceremony on the sensitization of humans on the need for identity. The body of this work will discuss a number of implications of the ceremony of burning man on the lives of people. For instance, there will be a demonstration of how the whole idea of the ceremony developed in relation to propaganda. As such, the work will describe the usefulness of idea novelty in the manipulation of the minds of individuals. There are those people who participate in the without understanding the needfulness of the same. Essentially, the creative extremities that the ceremony holds are a result of its differentiating ethos (Johnson 20). The ceremony could be one that satisfies the truthfulness of the quotation that what matters to the lives of people Is not what happens to them, but what they remember as well as how they remember it. What people do in life in relation to the burning man ceremony is, therefore, an emphasis on the usefulness of propaganda in the development of life-binding ideologies. The movement is now among those that inspires people across the world on the need for identity and personality. McRae, Kateri, et al. "Context-Dependent Emotion Regulation: Suppression and Reappraisal at the Burning Man Festival."Â  Basic

Film 152G Contemporary american cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film 152G Contemporary american cinema - Essay Example Scott had chosen that camera position to feature Ms Weaver's derriere because, after all, Ripley had been throughout much of the movie its protagonist and most resourceful character - assuming in the story a role usually portrayed by a man - and the director's (or editor's) selection of this 'take' was intended to reveal a softer, more feminine aspect of her. If that were so, however, it's valid to ask why and how showing the 'crack in that ass' above the panty-line would feminize Ripley. with the advent of Sexual Liberation, women's roles in films became more complex and less 'sexist' than in the Hollywood movies of the 1930s and 40s. What has happened, in fact, is much the opposite. In films such as Taxi Driver, Pulp Fiction and Sex, Lies and Videotape, contemporary Hollywood depicts women in ways more stereotypic, less independent and unique, than it did in that so-called Classic era of American movies. Released by Paramount in 1941, Sullivan's Travels defies neat categorization. With its mixture of drama, sentiment and comedy, it could be considered 'black humor,' a trademark of its writer/director, Preston Sturges. One of the film's more remarkable aspects is its depiction of 'The Girl' played by Veronica Lake. Though she is given no name, The Girl is attractive and sexual, but she is more than the sum of those attributes. While Lake's trademark blond tresses frame her face alluringly, she is never an object of stereotypic sexuality. Her character has validity in the sense that she is herself; though an out of work actress, she does not play the sex card with the well-known director, Sullivan. To the contrary, throughout the story she contradicts and bullies him while also sharing his 'travels' as an equal. When they first meet in the diner and Sullivan has no money on him, The Girl, though out of work and her apartment, offers to buy him breakfast. Sullivan refuses and Lake says, "Don't be a sucker. (to the counterman) Give him some ham and eggs." After she and the director jump from a moving train and she lands on top of him, The Girl asks, "Did I hurt ya any" But it is more taunt than clichd, submissive concern (Sullivan's response is worth quoting: "Well, you didn't do me any good.").Sullivan may be a successful director but it is The Girl who is more tenacious of life and the stronger character. She dominates their scenes together the way Rosalind Russell as Hildy Parks did Cary Grant in His Girl Friday, or as Kate Hepburn and Bette Davis dominated - or were equal to - their co-stars in just about any film they made. Even Mae West (sex incarnate) portrayed gutsy, self-secure and unique women; indeed, she gloried in her over-ripe sexuality with relentless and less-than-subtle double entendres. It is well-known that Olivia deHavilland groused about her insipid roles opposite Errol Flynn for Warner Bros., but she proved a

Come up with topic and I will discuss it with the professor then u can Essay

Come up with topic and I will discuss it with the professor then u can start writing - Essay Example Corporate income tax depends on the net taxable income. Where taxable income surpasses $335,000, all taxable income is subject to tax at 34 percent or 35 percent. Tax rate enforced below the federal level fluctuate from 1 percent to over 16 percent. Regulated Investment Companies (RICs) are the domestic corporations which during the taxable year are listed under the Investment Companies Act of 1940, as amended as a unit investment trust or a management company or to be treated as a business development company under such Act. This paper will focus on tax treatment of regulated investment companies and the corporate income tax and how do they differ from one another. Historical Content During the past decade, the corporate income tax has been the centre of attention of much debate and criticism in the United States (U.S.). It may be due to the low level of business investment in US and it has been also condemned as a primarily illogical and unfair tax because corporations are taxed as independent entities, in spite of the tax brackets of individual shareholders. The recent tax acts have lessened the corporate tax burden by substituting the system of several asset depreciation classes with three capital recovery classes. Business structures can be written off over fifteen years, other equipment over five years and light equipment over three years (Auerbach, 451-458). The corporate tax is the 3rd major source of federal revenue after the payroll taxes and the individual income tax. Regulated Investment Companies are listed under the Investment Companies Act of 1940. RICs escape corporate taxes due to the reason that they make profit from investments through shareholders and they do not have any real operations. Thus, they pass profits to shareholders and circumvent double taxation. They meet definite standards and therefore do not have to pay federal income taxes on interest, distribution of dividends and realized capital gains. Economic Incidence of the Policy Sh areholders must be the citizens or residents of United States. The tax is imposed on the profits of the resident corporations of U.S. at graduated rates ranging from 15-35%. Corporate shareholders pay individual income tax on capital gains and on dividends from sale of their shares. The corporate tax rules which are faced by the U.S. based corporations on their profits from United States business activities, of which the foreign multinational companies are the owner, are same as that of U.S. owned companies. An increase in the corporate income tax increases the cost of capital in the corporate sectors due to the burden of tax-wedge. The return to corporate capital falls as capital flows from corporate sector to non corporate sector. For high capital intensive industries, corporate income tax increases the prices of goods and services and for low capital intensive industries, prices falls with the tax. U.S. capital bears the small incidence of the corporate income tax and labour bear s more or less 100% of the incidence of the corporate income tax. The domestic corporations who bear the economic incidence and therefore opt to be taxed as a RIC are as follows: RIC must be a corporation which should be registered under the Investment Companies Act as a unit investment trust or as a management company. It may also be a common trust. Each series fund which is ascertained by a RIC will be treated as a separate corporation and they should separately meet all the qualification

To provide an account of the development of your coaching skills Essay

To provide an account of the development of your coaching skills through coaching conversation practice. The final part of your assignment should be a PDP to support your use coaching in the future - Essay Example In this similar context, the coaching skills can be apparently identified as building trust amid the members, promoting self-awareness and depicting the benefits of integrity, which further motivates them towards sufficing their developmental needs (Rogers, 2012). It is worth mentioning that the development in coaching skills can be made possible through numerous ways. These ways comprise developing and subsequently establishing effective communication with the members, planning as well as organising various sorts of coaching sessions, analysing and assessing the performance levels and most vitally, assessing the surrounding environment with an open minded nature (Sports Coach, n.d.). Through this essay, I intend to obtain an unambiguous account of the development of my coaching skills through coaching conversation practice. Specially mentioning, â€Å"Kolb’s experiential learning cycle theory† would be discussed in this essay in order to identify the developments that took place in my overall learning experience (Merriam & Bierema, 2013). The application of this particular theory would certainly enable in recording my progress in developing my coaching skills at large. The requirement of developing my initial coaching skills can be determined based on the GROW model (Brockbank & McGill, 2006; Martin, 2006). Theoretically, the conception of GROW model is regarded as an effective technique for solving any sort of problem and setting predetermined targets. The prime elements of this model constitute of ‘Goal’, ‘Reality’, ‘Options’ or ‘Opportunity’ and ‘Way Forward’ (Brockbank & McGill, 2006; Martin, 2006). In relation to this particular model, I developed the skill of how to obtain a better degree by the end of the year. My other skills included comprehending diverse coaching principles as well as effective management of time and most significantly, determining the various ways available to me for assisting

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Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example This paper stresses that he was the first European to develop a considered view of the new American character and the first to exploit the â€Å"melting pot† image of America. He portrayed how different people in America came together as one and tolerated one another despite their differences in cultures and religions. He also helped in defining â€Å"who is an American?† a question that was bringing a lot of controversies. In one of the passages of What is an American, he asks: â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country†. He could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations....Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day ca use changes in the world. He defined an American as any person leaves all his ancient manners and prejudices behind him and receives new ones from the new ways of life he or she has embraced. Basically, according to him an American is a person who is dedicated, open minded to the changing ideas of the times and willing to work hard to develop the newly created country, America. Thomas Paine has been deemed as the most controversial leader of the American Revolution.

Death Represenataion in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Essay Example for Free

Death Represenataion in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Essay Death Representation in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Mohamed Fleih Hassan Instructor English Dept. / Abstract Death is one of the significant and recurrent themes in the poetry of Sylvia Plath. This paper aims at showing the poets attitudes towards death. Certain poems are selected to show the poets different attitudes to death: death as a rebirth or renewal, and death as an end. Most obvious factors shaped her attitudes towards death were the early death of her father that left her unsecured, and the unfaithfulness of her husband, Ted Hughes, who left her dejected and melancholic. Plaths Two views of a Cadaver Room, Sheep in Fog, A Birthday Present, Edge, and I Am Vertical are selected to outline her various perspectives towards death. Death Representation in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Generally speaking, death is represented in literature in various ways shifting from being an ominous terrifying force to a means of fulfillment and new beginnings. Death came to be a recurrent theme in Sylvia Plaths poetry due to the sudden death of her father. His death left the daughter with powerful feelings of defeat, resentment, grief and remorse. So the absence of the father had influenced her emotional life negatively to the extent that it is reflected clearly in her poems. Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) passed in periods of depression and there were precursors of suicidal act through fits of breakdown. Among the reasons for her early depression are the early death of her father that left her unsecured and her failure to attend a writing class at Harvard. Though she got a chair as a college guest-editor of the Mademoiselle, but she got monotonous with nothing to fall back on in New York. She broke down with the unfulfillment of her dream of being a successful writer. Therefore, she took an over-dose of sleeping-pills to end her misery, but she was saved. 1 After successful psychiatric sessions of recovery, Plath met Ted Hughes at Cambridge and they got married in 1956. She found in him a motive and substitute for the absence of the father. Hughes believed in her exceptional gift. In that period, the couple got success and fame with their poetic development, especially when they got children. Her poems had been published in Britain and America like, The Colossus 1960, which dealt with Plaths preoccupation with ideas of death and rebirth. Hughes love affair with another woman broke the heart of Plath, who suffered the devastation of the broken marriage. Shifting into a new flat in London, she started writing poems of rage, despair, love and vengeance but her poems were slowly accepted for publication. She suffered the traumatic breakdown and melancholia that she put her head in the oven in 11 April, 1963. 2 Death came to be a recurrent theme in the poetry of Sylvia Plath, and this theme has been represented in different ways in her poems. She did engage the reader either in a personal or an impersonal way to view death either as a liberating force or troubling depressing experience. Her depiction of death is reflected by the use of such techniques as imagery, language, structure, and tone. Her negative attitude towards death is caused by the early death of her father that left her dejected. In her poem Two views of a Cadaver Room (1959), she presents a pessimistic point of view towards death. This poem recounts an experience she had while dating a young Harvard medical student. She followed her boyfriend and some other medical students into an operating room where the students were busily dissecting a preserved corpse. The speaker and her boyfriend are horrified by the experience, the narrator offers two views of the cadaver room as alternate possibilities of depicting death in art; the physical view of death and the romantic view of death. One view is epitomized by the cadaver room contrasting the romantic one of death, which is represented by a detail from a Brueghel painting depicting two lovers, who are spell bounded by one another and careless to the destruction and devastation around them. The poem is written in two parts. The first part creates a futile setting in which things are described in a dissecting room, which suggests a mood of despondency. She did so by the use of wastelandish simile through comparing cadaver with burnt turkey: The day she visited the dissecting room They had four men laid out, black as burnt turkey, Already half unstrung. (II. 1-3) The place dissecting room suggests mercilessness and dehumanization. The dead bodies are anatomized and bones are removed which suggest a horrible image. The poetess compares death with the dissector, in which it takes off the spirit out of the body as did the doctor in dissecting the major constituents of bodies. Death here represents a terrifying force that annihilates mans life. The dissecting room serves as the epitome of scientific space, which is to say death’s space. And this is the space not only of female witnessing and female passivity, ‘she could scarcely make out anything/ In that rubble of skull plates and old leather’, but also of a bestowal from male to female, from male scientist to female poet. The process of dissecting the dead body indicates the savageness and carelessness of the surgeon, who cuts out the heart; the symbol of mans life and feelings. The surgeon is associated with death in the sense that he extracts the heart of the body, He hands her the cut-out heart like a cracked heirloom. The simile presents a very useless pessimistic image for the heart. The heart is not only reduced to a non-functioning machine, but a man hands death to a woman. The heart is the dearest to man and is compared to the heirloom which contains the memory of the dead, but it is uprooted maliciously. Death came to be an unavoidable inheritance. 4 In many of her poems, what Plath perceives is a death-figure which threatens to swallow her up unless she can reassert her living identity by fixing and thus immobilizing her enemy in a structured poetic image. Plath transforms death by assuming the role of a photo-journalist who observes the details in a way as to control the scene with the transforming power of language. She follows the technique of fusing various visual images in a meaningful way. Therefore, she transcends the literal immediacy of what she sees and creates order out of chaos. The second part paradoxes the first in showing a couple who are ignorant of the horrors of death. Their ignorance of the shadow of death around them intensifies their tragic catastrophic end: Two people only are blind to the carrion army: He, afloat in the sea of her blue satin Skirts, sings in the direction Of her bare shoulder, while she bends, Fingering a leaflet of music, over him, Both of th em deaf to the fiddle in the hands Of the death’s-head shadowing their song. (II. 13-19) Plath thinks that the second view was untenable. Confronting the literal physicality of death (as the narrator does in the first stanza), and ignoring that reality (as the lovers do in the Brueghel painting) seem hopelessly romantic and naive. The only way to relinquish the painful awareness of impending death is by relinquishing life itself. Plath committed suicide in her flat moving herself and her work into the domain of myth and psycho-mystical speculation. The second view of death is the bestowal of death that is interrupted by art. Paradoxically, this interruption of death by art is itself a kind of death, a freezing of life. The poem surveys with an eye which is blind and an ear which is deaf. If the lovers’ blindness and deafness to death’s music permits them to ‘flourish’, then this flourishing is ‘not for long’. Paradoxically, the work of art saves from death by paralyzing or fixing the living in an absolute present, which is to say a perfected present, but without future: This stalling of death’s triumph by art, this resistance of art to death, is itself a kind of death, since it reminds us that those lovers captured in art’s absolute present can do nothing at all. Just as there are two kinds of music here – the death’s-head’s and the lovers’ – so art is not placed in any simple opposition to death. 6 There are two kinds of death: on the one hand, death as process, as rebirth or renewal, as imaginary; and, on the other hand, death as end, as factuality. Plath rides into death in Sheep in Fog (1963) but death is no longer conceived as renewal. The objective in ‘Sheep in Fog’ becomes the ‘dark water’: They threaten To let me through to a heaven Starless and fatherless, a dark water. (II. 13-15) The sense of dissolution is overpowering in this poem through thee description of the background of the poem. Each line and each stanza of the poem concerns the disappearance of something. hills step off into whiteness, Morning has been blackening and the starless heaven leave her dejected and wretched. 7 Sheep in Fog suggests that there is a radical sundering of poet and poetry, a death of the poet that is the life of the poetry, if only as that which is in mourning for the poet. The impersonality of Plath’s later poetry is not arrived at through an ethical self-sacrifice of the poet’s empirical, autobiographical self in the interests of a universal validity, a kind of immortality or proof against death. Rather, it is an impersonality in which there is a highly paradoxical and unstable relation between poet and poetry. 8 A Birthday Present (1962) is another dramatic monologue in which terror and death predominate. The persona longs to know the gift presented by his friend. The speaker, her friend, and the object talk to each other in the kitchen. She imagines that the present may be bones, a pearl button, and an ivory tusk. Each of these things has white colour and suggests the nature of the birthday present that she wants. The three white objects—bones, pearl, and ivory tusk—all suggest death because they were once part of living organisms. The persona speaks of the veils around the present. In order to remove the concealing veil, which causes her anxiety and fear, the speaker demands an end to the screening off of death from view. She compares her life at the end of the poem to the arrival by mail of parts of her own corpse. At the end, the speaker demands as her birthday present not the previously mentioned symbols of death or the figure representing death, but death itself: 9 If it were death I would admire the deep gravity of it, its timeless eyes. I would know you were serious. There would be a nobility then, there would be a birthday. And the knife not carve, but enter Pure and clean as the cry of a baby, And the universe slide from my side. (II. 52-58) The poem dramatizes her birthday to be her death. The drama of A Birthday Present is frightening in its transformation of a domestic and happy occasion into a celebration of suicide. It captures the movement of the speakers mind as she throws herself into the sequence of steps that might lead her to kill herself. Plaths second perspective towards death is that it may be chosen by the individual himself as a means of self-destruction, rather than acting as a horrible exterminating force. The poetess aims to show the suffering and agony of the persona in selecting death as a means of liberation of the antagonistic world of the person. This perspective is reflected in Plaths Edge, which was written on 5 February 1963 and is thought to be Plath’s last poem. According to Seamus Heaney, one of the biographers of Plath, the poem was a suicide note, which is to say an entirely personal, autobiographical communication from a distressed melancholic woman. For this reason, the poem is limited by the literal death of the poet, a death that cannot help but be read back into the poem. 10 This death is a negativity that renews, and works within an economy of life. This is not just an imaginary death, but death as a figure for the imagination itself, as a negativity that may be harnessed in the interests of life. This poem carries the reader not only to the very limit of life, but also to the limit of poetry. And yet, if in this poem the woman is ‘perfected’, it is through a death that takes the form of an aesthetic object, but in which the emphasis none the less falls very much on illusion. The speaker in this poem doesn’t endure the anguish of his life and feels that his misery is over: The illusion of a Greek necessity Flows in the scrolls of her toga Her bare Feet seem to be saying: We have come so far, it is over. (II. 4-8) The bare feet symbolize the lack of protection and immunity. The tone looks submissive but it indicates the willingness to accept death as an outlet and escape of the aggressive world. The persona feels alienated in the world around him. No one cares for the personas death even the moon, The moon has nothing to be sad about/ Staring from her hood of bone. Therefore, she starts looking for something beyond death, which is the longing for perfection. Usually roses symbolize purity, so she compares her folding of the dead bodies of children as petals of a rose close. Therefore she thinks that through death, she will have a new beginning. 11 Death as a means of rebirth is reflected in Plaths I Am Vertical. She sets images taken from nature as a background of her poem. This use of nature as a setting for her poem shows death not as a horrible monstrous thing. She presented two fruitful lively images of nature and then she negates her alikeness to them: I am not a tree with my root in the spoil Sucking up minerals and motherly love So that each March I may gleam into leaf, Nor am I the beauty of a garden bed Attracting my share of Ahs and spectacularly painted, Unknowing I must soon unpetal. (II. 2-7) The persona feels rejection of the surroundings when the trees and flowers have been strewing their cool odours. I walk among them, but none of them are noticing. This represents the negligence of society and the social restraints that the individual feels. each March I may gleam into leaf suggests the continuity of life and regeneration. She is longing to be united with nature via death; the nature that symbolizes serenity and tranquility, Then the sky and I are in open conversation. The word sky gives death the sense of spirituality and elevation. The speaker is not satisfied in her life and she accepts death as a means for recognition: And I shall be useful when I lie down finally: Then the trees may touch me for once, and the flowers have time for me. (II. 19-20) Plaths life is ended in a world of death and despondency from which there is no rebirth or transformation.